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Food is considered by many factors, including appetite, food availability, family practices and peer-driven culture. Attempts at voluntary control. Diet for a leaner body weight for health is highly promoted by current fashion trends, needs, advertising campaigns for special foods, and in some activities and professions.
Eating disorders involve serious disturbances in eating behavior, such as extreme and unhealthy reduction of food intake or severe overeating, as well as feelings ofDistress or extreme concern about body shape and weight. Researchers are studying how and why initially voluntary behaviors such as eating smaller or larger quantities of food than usual, at some point move beyond control in some people and develop an eating disorder.
Studies on the basic biology of appetite control and its alteration by prolonged overeating or fasting results found enormous complexity, but in the long run, the new potential drugTreatments for eating disorders.
Eating disorders are not a lack of will or behavior, but are real, treatable medical illnesses in which certain maladaptive current take on a life of their own meal. The main types of eating disorders are anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa.
A third type of binge-eating disorder, has been proposed but not yet recognized as a formal psychiatric diagnosis. Eating disorders often during adolescence or early developmentAdulthood, but some reports indicate their formation may occur later in childhood or adulthood.
Eating disorders often occur with other psychiatric disorders such as depression, substance abuse and anxiety disorders. In addition, people suffering from eating disorders can experience a range of physical health complications. Including severe heart disease, kidney failure, which can lead to death. Recognition of eating disorders as real and treatable diseases,E 'therefore essential.
Women are much more likely than men to develop eating disorders. Only 5 percent to 15 percent of people with anorexia or bulimia are male and some 35 percent of people with binge-eating disorder.
Anorexia Nervosa
Estimated 0,5-3,7 percent of women suffer from anorexia in their lives. The symptoms of anorexia are:
Resistance to maintaining body weight over a minimal normal weight forAge and size.
Intense fear of gaining weight or fat before, even though underweight.
Disturbances in the way we perceive body weight or shape, undue influence of body weight or shape of self-evaluation, or denial of the seriousness of current low body weight.
Rare or absent menstruation (in women who have reached puberty)
People with this disorder feel overweight even though they are dangerously thin. The process ofFood is an obsession. Unusual eating habits develop, such as avoiding food and meals, picking up certain foods and eating these in small quantities, or carefully weighing and portioning food. People with anorexia may repeatedly check their body weight.
Many engage in other techniques to control their weight, exercise diuretics intense and compulsive, or elimination by vomiting or abuse of laxatives, enemas, e. Girls with anorexia often experience a delayed starttheir first menstruation.
The course and outcome of anorexia nervosa vary individuals: some fully after a single episode back, some have a fluctuating pattern of weight and impact, and others experience a chronically deteriorating course of the disease for many years.
The mortality rate among people with anorexia has been estimated at 0.56 percent per year, equivalent to about 5.6 percent per decade, which is about 12 times higher than the rate of annual mortality from allCauses of death among women aged 15-24 in the general population. The most common causes of death are complications of the disease, such as cardiac arrest or electrolyte imbalance, and suicide.
Bulimia Nervosa
An estimated 1.1 percent to 4.2 percent of women have bulimia nervosa in life. The symptoms of bulimia nervosa are:
Recurrent episodes of binge eating, eating too much food in a discrete time and characterized by a sense ofLack of control over eating during the episode
recurrent inappropriate behavior to prevent weight gain such as self-induced vomiting or misuse of laxatives, diuretics, enemas or other medications (purging), fasting or excessive exercise.
The binge eating and compensatory behaviors both occur on average at least twice a week for 3 months
Self-evaluation is unduly influenced by body shape and weight
Because purging or othercompensatory behavior follows the binge-eating episodes, people with bulimia usually weigh within the normal range for their age and height.
However, as people with anorexia, weight gain can anxiety, desire to lose weight and feel deeply dissatisfied with their bodies. People with bulimia often in secret behavior, disgust and shame when they binge, but relieved to clean them.
Binge-Eating Disorder
Community surveys have estimatedthat between 2 percent and 5 percent of Americans experience binge-eating disorder in a period of 6 months. Symptoms of binge-eating disorder are:
Recurrent episodes of binge eating, eating too much food in a discrete time and a feeling of lack of control over eating during the episode featured.
Episodes of binge-eating at least 3 of the following: eat food much faster than normal members; to feel uncomfortablecomplete.
Eating large quantities of food when not feeling physically hungry, eating alone because they eat based on what you feel disgusted with yourself, depressed or very guilty after overeating embarrassing Marked distress about the binge-eating behavior.
The binges occur on average at least 2 days a week for 6 months
The binge eating is not associated with regular use of inappropriate compensatory behaviors (eg, purging, fasting, excessiveExercise)
People with binge-eating disorder experience frequent episodes of out of control eating, with the same binge-eating symptoms as those with bulimia. The main difference is that individuals with binge-eating disorder do not purge their bodies of excess calories. Consequently, many with the disorder are overweight for their age and height. members can bring feelings of disgust and shame with this disease, bingeing again, creating a cycle of binge eating.
TreatmentStrategies
Eating disorders can be treated and restored a healthy weight. Earlier, ailments diagnosed and treated, the better the results are likely. Because of their complexity, eating disorders require a comprehensive treatment plan involving medical care and monitoring, psychosocial interventions, nutritional counseling and appropriate medication management. At diagnosis, the doctor should decide if the person in immediate danger andhospitalization.
Treatment of anorexia calls for a program that includes three main phases: (1) restoring weight lost to severe diarrhea and diet;
(2) the treatment of mental disorders such as distortion of body image, low self-esteem and interpersonal conflicts and
(3) have obtained a long-term remission and rehabilitation or full recovery. Early diagnosis and treatment increases the success rate for treatment. The use of psychotropic drugs in people withAnorexia should be considered only after weight gain has been established.
Some selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have proven to be helpful for weight maintenance and for resolving mood and anxiety associated with anorexia.
The management of acute severe weight loss is usually in a hospital, where nutrition plans to address the person provided, the medical history and nutritional needs are available. In some cases, intravenous feeding is recommended.
OnceMalnutrition has been corrected and weight gain has begun, psychotherapy (often cognitive-behavioral or interpersonal psychotherapy) can overcome the low self-esteem people with anorexia and address distorted thought and behavior patterns. Families are sometimes included in the therapeutic process.
The primary goal of treatment of bulimia is to reduce or eliminate binge eating and elimination behavior. To this end, nutritional rehabilitation, psychosocial interventions and medicationsmanagement strategies are often used.
establishing a regular pattern occurring, non-binge meals, improvement of attitudes related to eating disorders, health promotion, but not excessive exercise, and the resolution of cooperation such as mood or anxiety disorders are among the specific objectives of these strategies.
Individual psychotherapy (especially cognitive-behavioral or interpersonal psychotherapy), group psychotherapy, cognitive-behavioral approach that usesor marriage and family therapy have been reported to be effective.
psychotropic drugs, especially antidepressants such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have been found useful for people with bulimia, particularly those with significant symptoms of depression or anxiety, or those who have not responded adequately to psychosocial treatment alone .
These drugs may also help prevent relapse. The objectives and strategies of treatment for binge-eating disorderare comparable to those for bulimia, and studies are currently evaluating the effectiveness of different interventions.
People with eating disorders often do not recognize or admit that they are ill. As a result, you can get to face with force and remain in treatment. Family members or other people of faith can play in ensuring that the person with an eating disorder receives needed care and rehabilitation useful. For some people, treatment may be long term.
Research andDirections
The research is contributing to progress in the understanding and treatment of eating disorders.
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